If it is written down, it's called "libel" whereas if it's spoken, it's called "slander." Defamation law attempts to balance the freedom of speech and open exchange of ideas without giving someone permission to run around spreading lies about another that may harm his or her reputation, ability to earn a living, etc.
Hope this helps you!
Have a great day!
:3 -~- WolfieWolfFromSketch -~- :3
